KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS SOMBA OPU
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Anemia dalam kehamilan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan serius yang berdampak pada ibu dan janin, seperti risiko kelahiran prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, hingga kematian perinatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik penderita anemia dalam kehamilan di Puskesmas Somba Opu. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni–Juli 2025 dengan total sampel sebanyak 80 ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia, diperoleh melalui total sampling. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia berada pada kelompok usia 26–31 tahun (42,5%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA (68,8%), serta mayoritas tidak bekerja di sektor formal (ibu rumah tangga 75%). Berdasarkan usia kehamilan, anemia paling banyak terjadi pada trimester kedua (85%), dengan dominasi multipara (72,5%) dan suku Makassar (75%). Tingkat anemia yang terbanyak adalah kategori ringan (40%), diikuti sedang (23,8%), dan tidak ditemukan kasus anemia berat. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa anemia ringan masih mendominasi, namun tetap memerlukan perhatian serius. Penatalaksanaan anemia pada ibu hamil perlu dilakukan melalui intervensi komprehensif yang memperhatikan faktor sosial, budaya, dan fisiologis, serta peningkatan edukasi gizi dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah.
ABSTRACT
Anemia in pregnancy remains a significant public health concern associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and even perinatal mortality. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of pregnant women with anemia at Somba Opu Health Center. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in June–July 2025 involving a total sample of 80 anemic pregnant women, selected using total sampling. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and percentage. The results showed that most anemic pregnant women were aged 26–31 years (42.5%), had senior high school education (68.8%), and were predominantly housewives (75%). Based on gestational age, the majority of anemia cases occurred in the second trimester (85%), with multiparous women (72.5%) and Makassar ethnicity (75%) being the dominant groups. The highest proportion of anemia severity was mild anemia (40%), followed by moderate anemia (23.8%), with no severe anemia cases identified. These findings indicate that although mild anemia predominates, it still requires serious attention. Comprehensive management should consider social, cultural, and physiological factors, accompanied by nutritional education and compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation.
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