ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT INFEKSI PARASIT
Abstract
Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) memengaruhi lebih dari dua miliar orang di seluruh dunia, dan sebagian besar dari mereka tinggal di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Di negara-negara ini, penyebab tambahan yang menyebabkan anemia, yaitu infeksi parasit seperti kecacingan, malaria, kekurangan zat gizi lainnya, penyakit kronis, hemoglobinopati, dan keracunan timbal. Di negara maju, kekurangan zat besi merupakan satu-satunya kekurangan mikronutrien yang sering terjadi. Di negara industri, ADB lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dengan usia lebih dari enam bulan, remaja wanita dengan pendarahan menstruasi yang berlebih, wanita usia subur, dan orang yang lebih tua. Populasi khusus lain yang berisiko ADB di negara maju adalah orang yang rutin donor darah, atlet ketahanan, dan vegetarian. Penelitian mengenai anemia defisiensi besi telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Namun, dibutuhkan tinjauan sistematis lebih lanjut untuk menilai gambaran profil kesehatan anak-anak yang terpapar infeksi parasit di negara berpenghasilan rendah, dan untuk anak-anak yang secara genetik cenderung kekurangan zat besi. Artikel ini menelaah secara sistematis penelitian anemia defisiensi besi di Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan infeksi parasit dalam lima tahun terakhir. Dari tinjauan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa anemia defisiensi besi masih kerap terjadi pada pasien dengan infeksi parasit.
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